The Gram Panchayat plays a significant role in the democratic decentralization process, as it is the institution at the bottom level of the system; drawing villagers closer to participate in the decision making for the development. The path of decentralization has been successful in some parts of the country but disparities are present in certain regions /districts in terms of effective implementation, functioning of the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), and self-generated development initiatives. The present study was undertaken in Patna and Vaishali districts of Bihar State. Five percent of elected Mukhiya was interviewed under the study to understand their nature and degree of participation in PRIs along with the opinion about the acceptability of the fertility regulations methods among married men/women in their areas. In total, half of the Mukhiya were OBC in the selected Panchayats. Only one-fifth of the Mukhiya was found to be computer literate in the selected Panchayats. More than half of the males and one-third of the females were literate. The average distance of the Computer Institute from the selected Panchayats was about 6 km. The work of MANREGA implemented throughout the Panchayats. About 65 percent of the Mukhiya had needed that the Panchayat-members should be involved in the planning of developmental activities for villages in Patna district. Mukhiya in Patna district was involved in activities like; budgeting of the planned activities (50 percent), implementation of the development activities in Panchayat (55 percent) and Health and Family Welfare activities (45 percent). In Vaishali district, the opinion regarding the activities in which Gram Panchayat-members should have active participation was better than those of Mukhiya in Patna district. Most of Mukhiya was involved in the construction of drains and sewer (80 percent), installing the hand pump (50 percent), motivating the villagers for medical support from the PHC/HSC (40 percent). Mukhiya needed training on the regular basis to know and to understand new schemes of the Government for the development of their Panchayats. Only about 35 percent of Mukhiya in Patna and 55 percent Mukhiya in Vaishali districts had always disused the issues of health and family welfare such as ANM visits, immunization of the children, contraceptive distribution and etc. in Gram Panchayats. Only 3 Mukhiya in Patna and 8 Mukhiya in Vaishali districts had discussed TT injection to the pregnant women, the role of ASHA and ANM, children nutrition etc. in the Gram Panchayats meetings. Educational level of Mukhiyas is an important factor for their involvement in the development activities in the villages. Mukhiyas must be educated and enhanced training is needed for the betterment of the villagers.