Nutrition has an important role in anemia and of all the nutrients involved, iron is the most crucial and regarding dietary causes of anemia, the most common kind of anemia includes iron deficiency anemia and one of the most common is an inadequate intake of iron in the diet. The deficiency may be latent or patent. It may be responsible for repeated infections and interfere with the child's psychomotor development. The disease is most often due to a low intake of dietary iron, and it can be prevented by supplementing the mothers during pregnancy and by an adequate diet. Aim & Objectives: To assess knowledge and practices regarding prevention of nutritional anemia among mothers of under-five children. Methods: The study adopted descriptive research design and was conducted at selected villages of Sirmour District, H.P. A total of 100 mothers were selected by convenient sampling technique. A structured knowledge questionnaire was used to assess knowledge and the structured questionnaire on self-reported practices was used to assess the practices regarding prevention of nutritional anemia. Results: Data analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics. The study results showed that 71% respondents had the moderately adequate knowledge, 22% of respondents had inadequate knowledge and remaining 7% respondents had the adequate level of knowledge and 98% of mothers had good practices and remaining 2% were had poor practices. Correlation coefficient indicates that weak positive linear correlation between knowledge and practice score as the value of p= 0.097 and r= .336. Chi-square test indicates that there is the significant association between age of mother, dietary habits, sources of information and knowledge score, the highly significant association between education of mother, an occupation of mother, education of father and knowledge score. Chi-square test indicates that no significant association between practice score and selected demographic variables. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that there was the adequate level of knowledge and good practices regarding prevention of nutritional anemia help to reduce the chances of nutritional anemia among under-five children.