Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most common and multifactor complication of diabetes mellitus. It is late finding in type I diabetes and can be an early finding in type II diabetes. It is characterized by hyper responsiveness to pain typically originating in the extremities, progressive loss of neuronal function. The exact etiopathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy is dependent on many factors such as hyperglycemia, neuronal loss, alteration in neurotransmitters and growth factors. Other mechanism include, insulin deficiency, oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, ischemia, osmolytic accumulation, neurotropic factor deficiency, autoimmune nerve destruction, alteration in cellular signaling pathways and gene expression of proteins. The main risk factor for diabetic neuropathy is hyperglycemia. Good control of hyperglycemia, blood pressure and dyslipidemia is important for prevention and reducing progression of neuropathy. Although current treatment focusses on pain management, attention should be paid to potential risk factors for neuropathy. For eg. glycemic control, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension should be managed with diet, exercise and medication.